A final update on this topic: After chasing down random wiring issues and corrosion, I found the core of the starting issue. It was ironically simple: the aftermarket ignition relay was not wired correctly. If anyone else finds this thread in the future, the problem/solution is described below:
The previous owner purchased this part (again a Zcardepot part), https://zcardepot.com/products/starter-relay-upgrade-replacement-280z#
It looks like it comes pre-wired from zcardepot but I can't confirm that since I didn't order/install it. If it was pre-wired then it's not plug and play, at least for the way my car is wired (78 280z) and requires swapping the two blue wires.
Anyways, as many probably know, the "ignition relay" is basically two relays in one: one relay to power ACC (accessories) circuit and one relay for IG (EFI/fuel pump/etc). In my case, the output of the relays was swapped. Meaning that my EFI/Fuel Pump/etc were getting power when the ignition switch was outputting +12v for ACC, which is when the key is in ACC or ON position. But as many know, with most cars, when you turn the key to "START", the ignition switch does NOT output to the ACC circuit ?♂️, explaining most of my issues...
Therefore, the solution was to simply to swap the two output wires on ignition relay harness (the two blue wires in the harness). For reference, tests on page EF-27 from the FSM will help identify the problem (you'll find Fuel Pump relays aren't getting power when ignition is in START position). Essentially the two ignition relays should be wired as followed:
• IG relay: WB is the relay "output". WR is constant +12v. BW is relay on/off, connected to IG of ignition switch
• ACC relay: LW is the relay "output". WR is constant +12v. LR is relay on/off, connected to ACC or ignition switch
Thanks again for everyone's help. A lot of terminals a definitely a lot cleaner than before, ultimately the FSM wiring diagrams helped me backtrack through the wiring issues with the starter unplugged..